DLP-AUT-PP101-Regulators
The main characteristics of Regulators and the classification:
They process all relevant information and lead the process in accordance with the set performance
They process all relevant information from the process and its environment
They represent the "brain" of the technical system
They coordinate sensors and actuators
The types: P,I,D,PD,PI,PID
Watch the video and try to answer where regulators are used in everyday life
Watch the video and write down how voltage regulators work
Read the presentation about what are and how regulator works
Each proportional controller is characterized by its proportional range, which is defined as the required percentage change of the input quantity in order to change the output quantity by 100%. The proportional range can also be defined as the reciprocal value of the gain Kp (%). By increasing the gain Kp, ie by decreasing the proportional range, the constant deviation of the controlled variable from its set value decreases. At the same time, the speed of reaction increases and the stability of the system decreases. Figure shows the operation of the P controller u (t) if the error signal e (t) is fed to its input in the form of the bounce function equation.
The equation proportionally relates the error e (t) to the rate of change of the control variable u (t). The reciprocal value of the gain Ki is a constant Ti and represents the time of integral action (time of integration). Ki = 1 / Ti The introduction of an integrated regulator increases the inertia of the system, that is, the system reacts more slowly to external influences, but in most cases it permanently eliminates the error of the system in steady state. A negative feature of this type of regulator is the destabilizing effect in the system due to its inherent delay. The figure shows the operation of the I controller, if the error signal e (t) is supplied to its input in the form of a unit bounce function.
The independent existence of a differential regulator does not make much sense, because in the steady-state mode, the error signal is constant, and the derivative of this signal is equal to zero. Due to the fact that the variable in (t) is proportional to the rate of change (first derivative) of the time error, it can be seen that the D regulator would react only to rapid changes while slow and long-term changes would not cause any action of this regulator. By combining with a P and / or I controller, this controller gains in importance, especially in the transient mode of operation of the system. Its existence enables better monitoring of the system dynamics, because it monitors the magnitude of the error change, and not only its absolute value. The introduction of a differential regulator increases the stability and speed of system response.
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